A recent study conducted by researchers at Cleveland Clinic has uncovered a genetic factor that may influence how well people respond to popular weight-loss medications such as semaglutide and liraglutide. The findings, published in Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, suggest that variations in a gene called neurobeachin (NBEA) could help predict whether a person is likely to lose significant weight while using GLP-1 receptor agonists, commonly known as GLP-1RAs.
GLP-1RAs are medications widely used to treat obesity and type 2 diabetes because they help reduce appetite, slow digestion, and improve blood sugar control. Although these drugs have helped many patients achieve meaningful weight loss, doctors have long observed that results vary considerably from one individual to another. Some people respond extremely well, while others experience little or no weight reduction despite treatment.
To investigate the reasons behind these differences, researchers analyzed genetic and health data from two large population databases: the NIH All of Us cohort and the UK Biobank. Their analysis showed that individuals carrying a “responsive” version of the NBEA genetic profile were up to 82% more likely to achieve significant weight loss when taking medications such as liraglutide and semaglutide.
In contrast, people with a “non-responsive” NBEA genetic profile were up to 50% more likely not to lose weight while using liraglutide. Researchers confirmed the findings across two independent groups, strengthening confidence in the reliability of the results.
Scientists say the discovery could support the development of more personalized obesity treatments in the future. By using genetic information, health care providers may eventually be able to identify which patients are most likely to benefit from GLP-1 medications, helping improve treatment outcomes while avoiding ineffective therapies for others.
