Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma 3 years after kidney transplantation

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Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma of a Renal Allograft
MRI of the abdomen. (A) MRI of the abdomen, frontal view; the tumor of the renal allograft indicated with red arrow. (B) MRI of the abdomen, saggital view; the tumor of the renal allograft indicated with red arrow.
  • Chromophobe renal cell carcioma is an extremely rare cancer in a kidney allograft, in recipients of kidney transplant.
  • This case highlights the importance of regular ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging of the graft.
  • Regular monitoring is not only necessary for monitoring the function of the graft but also for early detection of neoplasms in the kidney.

Kidney transplantation is a standard treatment option for patients with end-stage renal disease. However, renal transplantation also requires life-long immunosuppressive therapy. This increases the risk of cancer recurrence and de novo tumour formation. Studies have further shown that cancer is a leading cause of death in recipients of kidney transplant. This article describes the case of a patient who developed chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, 3 years after he got a kidney transplant. A living related donor had donated the kidney to the patient.

Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) of a kidney allograft is a rare type of neoplasm that is prevalent in 0.22-0.25% of all kidney transplant recipients. The rare type of neoplasm is asymptomatic and is often incidentally found on routine examination. In this case, the patient’s graft function was impaired at the time the tumour was detected. There are three main subtypes of renal cell carcinoma clear cell (70%), papillary (10–15%), and chromophobe (5%). It was first described by Thoenes in 1985, and was classified as a form of papillary RCC.

Doctors further advised a renal allograft biopsy. Histopathological analysis was significant for chronic inflammation and chronic graft rejection. The graft biopsy did not differentiate between oncocytoma and chromophobe. Similarly, because of an impaired graft function, neoplastic changes in the graft and chronic rejection, doctors decided to perform a transplantectomy. In addition to this, repeat histopathological examination confirmed the presence of eosinophilic type of chromophobe carcinoma.

Source: American Journal of Case Reports

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Dr. Aiman Shahab is a dentist with a bachelor’s degree from Dow University of Health Sciences. She is an experienced freelance writer with a demonstrated history of working in the health industry. Skilled in general dentistry, she is currently working as an associate dentist at a private dental clinic in Karachi, freelance content writer and as a part time science instructor with Little Medical School. She has also been an ambassador for PDC in the past from the year 2016 – 2018, and her responsibilities included acting as a representative and volunteer for PDC with an intention to make the dental community of Pakistan more connected and to work for benefiting the underprivileged. When she’s not working, you’ll either find her reading or aimlessly walking around for the sake of exploring. Her future plans include getting a master’s degree in maxillofacial and oral surgery, settled in a metropolitan city of North America.

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